Overview of Cardiovascular System Structure

Chambers, Valves, and Blood Flow Directionality

Myocardial Architecture and Coronary Circulation

Cardiac Cycle: Systole and Diastole

Electrical Conduction System

Species Variants in Cardiovascular Physiology

Fetal Circulation and Transition at Birth

Autonomic Regulation of Heart Function

Hemodynamics: Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

Physiology to Pathophysiology Transition Cases

Overview of Cardiac Disease Classifications

Congenital Heart Diseases in Small and Large Animals

Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Valvular Disease and Endocardiosis

Pericardial Disease and Tamponade Physiology

Heartworm Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

Arrhythmias: Origin and Classification

Systemic Effects of Cardiac Disease

Species-Specific Conditions: Brisket Disease, Atrial Fibrillation in Horses

Case-Based Pathophysiology Rounds

Drug Classes Overview: Mechanisms and Targets

Diuretics: Furosemide and Spironolactone

ACE Inhibitors and Vasodilators

Positive Inotropes and Contractility Enhancers

Anti-Arrhythmic Drug Mechanisms

Pharmacokinetics in Cardiac Patients

Species Considerations in Drug Use

Polypharmacy and Drug Interactions

Client Communication: Prescribing and Compliance

Treatment Planning Case Scenarios

Auscultation Basics and Murmur Classification

Introduction to Electrocardiography (ECG)

Thoracic Radiography for Cardiac Assessment

Basics of Echocardiography

Integration of Physical Exam and Diagnostics

When to Use Which Test: Clinical Algorithms

Recognizing Normal vs. Abnormal Findings

Limitations and Common Pitfalls

Diagnostic Case Mini-Rounds (Open-Ended Question Focus)

Communication and Client Education on Diagnostics

Recognizing Cardiac Symptoms in Dogs and Cats

Approach to the Tachypneic Dog

Approach to the Fainting or Collapsing Animal

Heart Murmur Workup in Juvenile vs. Geriatric Patients

Clinical Presentation in Large Animals

ECG-Integrated Case Analysis

Radiographic Interpretation Cases

Differential Diagnosis Development Lab

Early Intervention Planning

CBL Peer Case Presentations (Preparation)

Advanced ECG: Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Classification

Echocardiographic Measurements I: Chambers and Wall Thickness

Echocardiographic Measurements II: Valvular Function and Flow

Assessment of Cardiac Output and Function

Use of Cardiac Biomarkers (NT-proBNP, Troponin)

Combining ECG, Echo, and Radiography in Case Review

Large Animal Advanced Imaging Challenges

Case-Based Diagnostic Integration

Limits of Diagnostics and When to Refer

Capstone CBL: Diagnostic Communication and Report Writing Practice

CBL Case: Coughing Small Dog with Murmur

CBL Case: Cat with Acute Respiratory Distress

Etc.

Frameworks for Clinical Reasoning in Cardiology

Pattern Recognition vs. Analytical Reasoning

Prioritizing Differential Diagnoses

Diagnostic Efficiency and Cost-Conscious Decision Making

Avoiding Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Bias

Evidence-Based Medicine in Cardiology

Team-Based Diagnostic Challenges - How To's and Best Practices

Treatment Decision-Making under Uncertainty

Referral vs. In-House Care Decisions

Clinical Reasoning Capstone Case Conference

Cardiology Rotation Orientation and Safety Review

Auscultation Proficiency with Clinical Patients

ECG Acquisition and Interpretation in Clinic Prep

Hands-On Echocardiography - Prep

Participating in Daily Cardiology Rounds - Prep

Client Communication Practice in Exam Rooms

SOAP Notes and Reporting

On-Call or Emergency Case Shadowing - Prep

Peer Case Reviews Preparation and Feedback Best Practices

Clinical Reflection and Skill Mapping

Structure of a Cardiology Report

Clinical vs. Client-Facing Language

Clarity, Tone, and Accuracy in Reports

Common Reporting Pitfalls

CBL: Practice Report Writing from Real Cases

Verbal Communication with Clinical Teams - Prep

Difficult Conversations and Client Support

Medical Record Review and Feedback - Best Practices

Professionalism in Team Environments

CBL: Final Reporting Exercise: Written + Verbal Delivery

Advanced Echocardiography: Doppler and Strain Imaging

Ambulatory Monitoring and Holter Interpretation

Congenital Cardiac Defect Management

Advanced ECG and Electrophysiology Mapping

Cardiac Emergencies and Interventions

Journal Club and Evidence-Based Review - Self-Practice w/AI

Research Methodology and Case Reporting

Resident-Led Rounds and Teaching Practice - Preperatory

Board-Style Question Review and Mock Exams - Preperatory

Career Development and Clinical Leadership